Research Essay - 705 Words

As mentioned in earlier sections, many fundamental discoveries made in the last century with respect to histocompatibility and the adaptive immune system were discovered because of studies in tumor rejection in mice (see section 1.1.1 on Tyzzer, Groer and Snell). Paul Ehrlich, known for his Nobel Prize winning contributions to the discovery of antibody, and one of the first adopters of chemotherapy, was also one of the first proponents of the concept that tumors could be recognized by the immune system (Himmelweit, 1958; Moticka, 2016b). Because of large gaps in knowledge with respect to tumorigenesis, as well as on autoimmunity, Ehrlich did not link antitumor immunity as being autoimmune in origin. Instead, Ehrlich proposed the concept of†¦show more content†¦In the mid-1970s, Steve Rosenberg and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute, USA pioneered the tumor immunology field with several seminal studies (Moticka, 2016d). First, they showed that interleukin 2 (IL-2) tr eated mouse splenocytes in in vitro cultures were cytotoxic to mouse tumors when adoptively readministered (Yron, Wood, Spiess, Rosenberg, 1980). Subsequently, the group demonstrated partial regression (21/55, ~38%) of tumors using autologous IL-2 primed T-cells from the peripheral blood of several metastatic melanoma cancer patients in what would be the first in human adoptively transferred T-cell human clinical trials (S. A. Rosenberg et al., 1985). The Rosenberg group was also the first to demonstrate in mouse models that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were 50-100 times more cytotoxic against autologous tumors, which would later be revealed to be a tumor-specific CTL-memory response (S. Rosenberg, Spiess, Lafreniere, 1986). In the 1970s, with the discovery of viral mediated tumors in the form of the human papillomavirus (HPV) (zur Hausen, Gissmann, Steiner, Dippold, Dreger, 1975), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) , and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Buynak, 1976), indicated further t hat the adaptive immune system could be used against treating tumors. 1.4.3. Advances in tumor biology During 1900s, there were also fundamental breakthroughs made in understanding tumor biology andShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesSociology Research Methods Essay Assignment Bringing Home the Bacon: Marital Allocation of Income-Earning Responsibility, Job Shifts and Men s Wages By: Gorman, Elizabeth H. 1999 Research Question The research question addressed in the article Bringing Home the Bacon: Marital Allocation of Income-Earning Responsibility, Job Shifts and Men s Wages discusses the issue of marriage and how it impacts men s job shift patterns and how job shifting also influences men s wages. 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